Different+Types+of+Engineering

This page aims to help create an idea of the various types of engineers, along with what they are associated with, and of course what they do on a day-to-day basis.
 * __The Different Types of Engineering and What you do in them.__**
 * __Types of Engineers:__**
 * Aerospace
 * Agricultural
 * Architectural
 * Bio/Biomedical
 * Chemical
 * Civil
 * Computer/Software
 * Electrical
 * Environmental
 * Industrial
 * Manufacturing
 * Mechanical
 * Metallurgy and Materials
 * Nuclear
 * Ocean
 * Transportation

__**Aerospace Engineer:**__ Aerospace engineering consists of the design, planning, and structural making of space crafts and aircrafts. Aerospace engineering is classified under two different sciences, the first being aeronautical engineering which deals with crafts that stay within the Earth's atmosphere, and astronautical which deals with crafts outside the Earth's atmosphere. Both classifications involve numerous variables including, flight patterns, atmospheric pressure, temperature, structural loads, aerodynamics, propulsion, avionics, materials science, structural analysis, and manufacturing. Aerospace engineering is one of the msot difficult, math related, and time consuming sciences you can do; its also known as rocket science for the aeronautical classification of the engineering. Because of the complexity of the field, aerospace engineering is conducted by a team of engineers, each specializing in their own branches of science.The development and manufacturing of a modern flight vehicle is an extremely complex process and demands careful balance and compromise between abilities, design, available technology and costs. Aerospace engineers design, test, and supervise the manufacture of aircraft, spacecraft, and missiles. Aerospace engineers develop new technologies for use in aviation, defense systems, and space. The origin of aerospace started around the centuries of the 19th and 20th; Sir George Cayley made great strives to help the field of this engineering, he was a revolutionary. Cayley was a pioneer in aeronautical engineering and is credited as the first person to separate the forces of lift and drag, which are in effect on any flight vehicle. Aerospace was jsut coming around, the gist of the concept was understood, but not applied, that is until the Wright brothers came along. In the 1900's, the Wright brothers began experimenting and designing flyers for the progression of Aerospace engineering, they were successful, but also had their downfalls. Later aerospace engineering progressed into the World War I era with fighter jets, then the Cold Warera with the space race and satellites. All in all, aerospace is one of the toughest fields in engineering, but it is one of the most enticing.

Agricultural engineering is the engineering discipline that applies engineering science and technology to agricultural production and processing. Agricultural engineering combines the disciplines of animal biology, plant biology, and mechanical, civil, electrical and chemical engineering principles with a knowledge of agricultural principles. The first curriculum in Agricultural Engineering was established at Iowa State University by J. B. Davidson in 1905. The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, now known as the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, was founded in 1907. Agricultural Engineers may perform tasks as planning, supervising and managing the building of dairy effluent schemes, irrigation, drainage, [flood] and water control systems, perform environmental impact assessments, agricultural product processing and interpret research results and implement relevant practices. A large percentage of agricultural engineers work in academia or for government agencies such as the United States Department of Agriculture or state agricultural extension services. Some are consultants, employed by private engineering firms, while others work in industry, for manufacturers of agricultural machinery, equipment, processing technology, and structures for housing livestock and storing crops. Agricultural engineers work in production, sales, management, research and development, or applied science.
 * __Agricultural Engineering__**

Architectural engineers apply engineering principles to the construction, planning, and design of buildings and other structures. They often work with other engineers and with architects, who focus on function layout or aesthetics of building projects. Architectural Engineering often encompasses elements of other engineering disciplines, including mechanical, electrical, fire protection, and others. The architectural engineers are responsible for the different systems within a building, structure, or complex. Architectural engineers focus several areas, including:
 * __Architectural Engineer:__**
 * the structural integrity of buildings
 * the design and analysis of heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems,
 * efficiency and design of plumbing, fire protection and electrical systems,
 * acoustic and lighting planning, and
 * energy conservation issues.

Biomedical engineering incorperates engineering and designing concepts of medicine and biology together, it is mostly involed with probelm solving skills, and benefits healthcare diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Biomedical engineering is considered relatively new, a exploration of a science, and has transitioned from many fields in itself to become a seperate field. Much of the work consists of research and development, it spans a broad array of subfields. Prominent biomedical engineering applications include the development of biocompatible prostheses, various diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices ranging from clinical equipment to micro-implants, common imaging equipment such as MRIs and EEGs, regenerative tissue growth, pharmaceutical drugs and therapeutic biologicals.
 * __‍‍‍‍Biomedical Engineering: ‍‍‍‍__**

Chemical Engineering is the profession that combines chemistry and engineering concepts to help solve problems related to world hunger, pollution of our environment, creating new materials, or meeting demands for energy. Chemical engineers develop low cost processes for producing ammonia, which make it possible for both poor nations and the United States to manufacture important fertilizers. They are instrumental in the production of virtually all pharmaceuticals as well as life-saving devices such as the artificial kidney or angioplasty catheters. They are working on ways to recycle plastics, reduce pollution, and develop new sources of environmentally clean energy. Chemical engineers have the background knowledge of chemistry coupled with an understanding of chemical processing that allows them to tackle most any chemical problem, from waste minimization, to environmental remediation, to clean-up of stack gases, or to purification of drinking water. Most major chemical companies hire chemical engineers to fill their technical positions in environmental engineering. A degree in Chemical Engineering opens many doors for diverse, challenging and rewarding opportunities. Chemical engineers develop processes and chemicals to make food products cheaper, safer, and with increased yields. From these processes come products like orange juice, chocolate, corn sweeteners, citric acid, or vitamin E. They also provide know-how for chemical processing of computer chips and integrated circuits in the electronics industry. A vast array of consumer products like floppy disks used in personal computers, detergents, plastic sandwich bags, the soles of your sports shoes, compact discs that give much listening pleasure, car bumpers, vehicle tires, and many more are developed by chemical engineers. Biochemical engineering is an expanding field, where chemical engineers link chemical process knowledge into biotechnology areas. Chemical engineers are responsible for designing the industrial facilities that provide materials, petroleum products, and plastics that make our lives easier and more productive. To do these things, chemical engineers need to understand chemistry, mathematics, physics, and other physical and natural sciences, such as biology or geology. To help them understand the impact of technology on society, they may study economics, political science, and even a little psychology. Todays chemical engineers are also comfortable working with computers, using the latest and most powerful machines to help design newer and safer processes. Chemical Engineering is a career that is both intellectually and financially rewarding... one that can lead to high level technical positions, or to jobs in management, government, or academia. Some chemical engineering graduates go on to medical, law, business, or graduate school. If they do, they usually use their chemical engineering degree to specialize - for instance, a chemical engineer with a law degree might focus on patent or environmental law. The diversity of the chemical engineering field indicates that chemical engineers are an integral part of the fabric of the world industrial complex, and they will be called upon in the future to solve the worlds environmental, energy, and chemical process problems.
 * __Chemical Engineer:__**

Civilengineers design things. These might be roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, or water supply and sewage systems. They must consider many factors in their designs, from the costs to making sure the structure will stay intact during bad weather. This is one of the oldest types of engineering. any civil engineers manage people and projects. A civil engineer may oversee a construction site or be a city engineer. Others may work in design, construction, research, and teaching. There are many specialties within civil engineering, such as structural, construction, environment, and transportation. Civilengineers usually work in areas where there is lots of manufacturing and businesses. Often they work at construction sites. Sometimes they work in places that are far away from cities. Most engineers work at least 40 hours per week. Some are required to travel.
 * __Civil Engineer:__**

Because computers are so important to our lives, there is a constant need to develop new software. //Computer software engineers//apply computer science, engineering, and math to design, develop, and test software. (Computer hardware engineers design computer chips, boards, systems, modems, and printers.) Software engineers first analyze users' needs. Then they design, construct, test, and maintain the needed software or systems. In programming, or coding, they tell a computer, line by line, how to function. They also solve any problems that arise. They must possess strong coding skills, but are more likely to develop algorithms and solve problems than write code. Software engineers often work as part of a team that designs new hardware, software, and systems. A core team may have engineering, marketing, factory, and design people who work together until the product is done. //Computer applications software engineers// design, construct, and maintain computer programs based on what people need. They can develop a program for just one person or for many people to use separately. //Computer systems software engineers// construct and maintain computer programs for companies. For example, they might develop programs that do recordkeeping and payroll. They might also set up an "intranet"—an internal and secure computer network—for a company. Many software engineers work for companies that make or install new and more advanced computer systems. Software engineers normally work in well-lighted offices or labs. Most work at least 40 hours a week. If a big project is due, they may have to work nights or weekends to meet deadlines. Like other workers who sit for hours at a computer, they are susceptible to eyestrain, back ache, and hand and wrist pain. Software engineers who are employed by vendors and consulting firms spend time away from their offices to meet with customers. As networks expand, they may be able to use modems, laptops, e-mail, and the Internet to identify and fix problems from their own office.
 * __Computer/Software Engineer__**

Electrical Engineer is the study and applications of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical power supply. It now covers a range of subtopics including power, electronics, control systems, signal processing and telecommunications. Electrical engineering may include electronic engineering. Where a distinction is made, electrical engineering is considered to deal with the problems associated with large-scale electrical systems such as power transmission and motor control, whereas electronic engineering deals with the study of small-scale electronic systems including computers and integrated circuits. Alternatively, electrical engineers are usually concerned with using electricity to transmit energy, while electronic engineers are concerned with using electricity to process information. More recently, the distinction has become blurred by the growth of power electronics.
 * __Electrical Engineer:__**

__**Environmental Engineering:**__ Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to improve the natural environment (air, water, and/or land resources), to provide healthy water, air, and land for human habitation (house or home) and for other organisms, and to remediate polluted sites. It involves waste water management and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, environmental sustainability, and public health issues as well as a knowledge of environmental engineering law. It also includes studies on the environmental impact of proposed construction projects. Environmental engineers conduct hazardous-waste management studies to evaluate the significance of such hazards, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. Environmental engineers also design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment systems as well as address local and worldwide environmental issues such as the effects of acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, water pollution and air pollution from automobile exhausts and industrial sources. At many universities, Environmental Engineering programs follow either the Department of Civil Engineering or The Department of Chemical Engineering at Engineering faculties. Environmental "civil" engineers focus on hydrology, water resources management, bioremediation, and water treatment plant design. Environmental "chemical" engineers, on the other hand, focus on environmental chemistry, advanced air and water treatment technologies and separation processes. Additionally, engineers are more frequently obtaining specialized training in law (J.D.) and are utilizing their technical expertise in the practices of Environmental engineering law. About four percent of environmental engineers go on to obtain Board Certification in their specialty area(s) of environmental engineering (Board Certified Environmental Engineer or BCEE)

A branch of engineering dealing with optimization of complex systems or processes. It is concerned with the development, improvement, implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, materials, analysis and synthesis, as well as the mathematical, physical and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering design to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems or processes. Its underlying concepts overlap considerably with certain business-oriented disciplines such as operations management, but the engineering side tends to emphasize extensive //mathematical// proficiency and usage of quantitative methods. Industrial engineering is the process of how things work; it is slowly becoming known as productional engineering. Industrial engineering is mostly involved with management science, financial engineering, engineering management, supply chain management, process managing, operations research, systems engineering, ergonomics/safety engineering, cost and value engineering, quality engineering, facilities planning, and engineering design processing.
 * __Industrial Engineering:__**

Manufacturing engineering is an engineering that deals with certain manufacturing practices, research, the development of processes, and machines and equipment. This field also deals with the integration of different facilities and systems for producing quality products (with optimal expenditure) by applying the principles of physics and the results of manufacturing systems studies, such as the following: Manufacturing engineers are involved with developing and creating physical artifacts, production processes, and technology. Manufacturing engineering is also involved with the design and production of products. Manufacturing engineering also is very closely related to these certain types of engineering and overlaps the following: mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering, computer science, materials management, and operations management. Manufacturing engineering relies heavily upon advancements in technology and the spread of innovation.
 * __Manufacturing Engineering:__**
 * * Craft or guild system
 * Putting-out system
 * English system of manufacturing
 * American system of manufacturing
 * Soviet collectivism in manufacturing
 * Mass production || * Computer integrated manufacturing
 * Computer-aided technologies in manufacturing
 * Just in time manufacturing
 * Lean manufacturing
 * Flexible manufacturing
 * Mass customization || * Agile manufacturing
 * Rapid manufacturing
 * Prefabrication
 * Ownership
 * Fabrication
 * Publication ||

Mechanical engineers are typically involved with the generation, distribution, and use of energy; the processing of materials; the control and automation of manufacturing systems; the design and development of machines; and the solutions to environmental problems. Research, testing manufacturing, operations, marketing, and administration are some other key activities associated with practicing Mechanical Engineers. Mechanical engineers are characterized by personal creativity, breadth of knowledge, and versatility. They are also valuable and reliable multidisciplinary team members. The technical subject areas that form the main basis for their work include mechanics, energy transfer and conversion, design and manufacturing, and the engineering sciences. Through clever use of analysis, modeling, design, and synthesis, they solve important problems to improve quality of life. Mechanical engineers work on teams responsible for developing a wide range of products and systems including, for example, space shuttle vehicles, aircraft of all sizes and shapes, automobiles, turbines, pumps, power plants, and factories. Virtually any machine or process you can think of has benefited from the influence of a mechanical engineer. Everyday conveniences such as refrigeration, microwave cooking, high-fidelity sound reproduction, transportation, communication, and copying are affordable largely because mechanical and other engineers worked together to make it happen. Mechanical engineers are in demand now, and projections for the future suggest a long-term need for professionals in this specialty. About 20% of the nearly 3 million engineers in the United States are mechanical engineers.
 * __Mechanical Engineer:__**

Metallurgy and minerals engineering is an indesciplinary field applying the properties of matter, to various areas of science and engineering. This scienctific field connects the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their macroscopic porperties. This field of engineering hugely incorperates applied physics and chemistry for a brief overview of the field in itself. With significant media attention focused on nanoscience and nanotechnology in recent years, materials science has been propelled to the forefront at many universities. It is also an important part of forensic engineering and failure analysis. Materials science also deals with //fundamental properties// and //characteristics// of materials. Metallurgy and minerals engineering derives its history from the stone, bronze, and steels ages interestingly enough, and is one of the most old and applied fields of engineering. It is mainly an outsdoor job and involves you going into the field alot, for those who like to work with their hands, this field is perfect.
 * __Metallurgy and Minerals Engineering:__**

__**Nuclear Engineering:**__ Nuclear engineering is the application of the breakdown (fission) as well as the fusion of atomic nuclei and/or the application of other sub-atomic physics, based on the principleof nuclear physics. In the sub-field of nuclear fission, it particularly includes the interaction and maintenance of systems and components like nuclear reactors, nuclear power plants, and/or nuclear weapons. The field also includes the study of medical and other applications of (generally ionizing) radiation, nuclear safety, heat/thermodynamics transport, nuclear fuel and/or other related technology (e.g., radioactive waste disposal), and the problems of nuclear proliferation.

Ocean Engineers basically study the ocean itself, the habitats, the natural resources, repair boats and ships for the military, and do alot of deep sea diving. This field would be extremely exciting, eploring the ocean's depths, working in the ocean for a living, and basically exploring for individual companies or for the federal government. Ocean engineering involves intense research of the ocean and its impact on the environment and technology. Ocean engineers design, maintain, repair and operate various mechanical systems of ocean technology including military craft. The work of ocean engineers plays a pivotal role in transportation, energy and even the nation's defense. The oil industry, the military and marine navigation all seek to employ ocean engineers. Ocean engineering is instrumental in helping preserve coastal structures from erosion; developing energy resources; ocean mining; offshore petroleum recovery; and protecting ports and harbors, subsea pipelines, cables and underwater vehicles and acoustics.
 * __Ocean Engineering:__**

Transportation Engineering is the application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods (transport). This type of engineering is a sub-discipline of engineering associated with civil engineering. The importance of transportation is greatly needed today in America's growing transportation technology and methods, and it can be judged by the number of divisions in ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) that are directly related to transportation. There are six such divisions (Aerospace; Air Transportation; Highway; Pipeline; Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean; and Urban Transportation) representing one-third of the total 18 technical divisions within the ASCE (1987). The planning aspects of transport engineering relate to urban planning, and involve technical forecasting decisions and political factors. Technical forecasting of passenger travel usually involves an urban transportation planning model, requiring the estimation of trip generation (how many trips for what purpose), trip distribution (destination choice, where is the traveler going), mode choice (what mode is being taken), and route assignment (which streets or routes are being used). More sophisticated forecasting can include other aspects of traveler decisions, including auto ownership, trip chaining (the decision to link individual trips together in a tour) and the choice of residential or business location (known as land use forecasting). Passenger trips are the focus of transport engineering because they often represent the peak of demand on any transportation system.
 * __Transportation Engineer:__**

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 * __Sources:__**